ISO - Friend Оr Foe?

Grains, noise, bad quality, ruined images... Can we blame it all on the ISO values of our camera? Not necessarily! We need to know some things that will help us better understand the ISO values so we can take nicer photos without feeling prejudiced.

I want to make a very clear point here that low ISO values can damage our photos just as bad as really high ISO. How is this possible? Well, sometimes trying to avoid the grains that the higher values produce we have to reduce the shutter speed to compensate thus getting motion blur which is really worse than a few grains we can later fix in Photoshop. Also, have in mind that exposing longer with a lower ISO value will produce more noise than shorter exposures of the same value. The longer the exposure the more noise piles up.

Being able to change this value is a major breakthrough in photography. Back in the day people would just buy a film with a certain speed (that's ISO or ASA) and try to figure out the rest according to the light conditions. Nowadays, we can change the sensor sensitivity of our cameras with one button making it possible to emulate different film speed for every shot. Why should we be afraid of using higher values then? We really shouldn't! Instead we should master this setting and use our cameras to their full extent.

Here's what we need to remember when using this setting:

1. Smaller sensors produce more noise than bigger ones.
2. More megapixels means more noise (comparing the same size and year of manufacturing sensors) at higher ISO values.
3. Grains (or noise) will appear in the shadows or darker areas. Light areas of the photo will appear clear.
4. Wider aperture lenses will give the effect of less noise because they let more light through for the sensor to capture.
5. Raw files will always look noisier than the jpeg because the first ones are an exact extract of all the information the sensor delivers, whereas the latter are missing lots of the information (noise included).

For more information on APS-C (crop sensors) versus full frame sensors click here.

Let's check out a few examples where high ISO value is more than a friend.

• Concert photos. You need to go ahead and boost your ISO so you can avoid motion blur. (click here for all the advice you need about stage shots)
• At the church. It's dark and using flash will just make your photos look bad.
• The long restaurant shoots with plenty of guests. Even though shooting with a flash is a must you still need a higher ISO to save your flash and batteries and to get some background. Also it looks better when you use flash + higher ISO so you don't overflash and get a better and more natural overall lighting. For more tips on wedding shots click here.
• Every time your speed drops below 1/60 of a second and you feel you're getting shaky images. Don't worry if you're shooting using automatic or some of the semi-automatic modes - the camera will boost the ISO for you.
• When you want to overexpose the background.
• When you want to expose the object and the background properly (e.g. night portraits with flash, freeze a certain frame in low light conditions)

I am sure that I am barely scratching the surface but I am pretty sure you are getting my point and by following the links you will find out more about how things can be properly done.

Anyway, we also need to try and keep the ISO to lower settings in the following cases:

• When you have more than enough light to shoot with high shutter speeds.
• When you are going for long exposures and do not care about motion blur. Then you need lower ISO because the longer you expose the more noise you get. Noise just piles up when you expose longer.
• When you are shooting at the studio using a darker backdrop. More info on backdrops - click here.
• When you are after a higher contrast shot. You want to emphasize more the difference between shadow and light. Of course you'd need more light for such shots.

You really should experiment in poor light conditions with you equipment (lens and camera body), following the proposed advice, in order to find out for yourself what the optimum ISO range for your camera is. Do not be afraid to use higher values of this setting. Set your camera to M for manual and play around with just the ISO so you can start getting a real feel of what it can do for you. After all if you only shoot at ISO 100 you might as well get a film camera.

Newer cameras have wider ISO ranges that have crazy values. I rarely go over 1600 and almost never below 200. I am very pleased with the results even though I am currently using a 2009 model. So, if you've got a brand new dSLR or SLT, you might as well go ahead and test that ISO boost.

One final thing, images always look worse when you zoom in on a computer screen than on paper. Don't be too critical! Go ahead and do some printouts. I am sure you'll be more pleased with your results on paper.

All the best,

Kamen Kunchev

Crop Vs. Full Frame

Here we're going to discuss cropped camera sensors versus full frame sensors. We're not going to discuss smaller than 1.6 crop sensors because it's simply pointless.
Let's move on to some facts and then analyze. First of all we need to know the pros and cons:

	Crop	Full Frame
Sensor	Smaller will give you more zoom	The equivalent to 35mm film frame
Noise	More in low light conditions	Less
Size	Compact	Big
Accessories	Full range	Full range
Lenses	Full range	Only Full Frame lenses
Output files	jpeg & RAW/ARW/NEF etc.	jpeg & RAW/ARW/NEF etc.
Image quality	Great	Great with lots of detail
Price	Reasonable	High

Let's dig in a little deeper and find out more. Smaller (APS-C) sensors will supposedly give more noise but here's where I want to make a good point about this. My new dSLR with a 1.5 crop sensor gives less noise than a 5-year-old full frame dSLR camera. Sensor technology is catching up pretty fast and one can only remain amazed by the improvements in terms of image quality. Of course, if we were to compare the latest full frame sensors to their crop brothers we would discover that full frame sensors surely give wider ISO ranges and smaller amounts of noise in a photo.

I have to make a note about the accessory range. Not all crop sensor cameras get all the video equipment accessories, so if you're buying a smaller sensor camera and want to use it primarily for shooting video, make sure it has all the small things like microphone jack for example.

I've dealt with raw images from both types we are discussing and I have to admit that I get easily annoyed and angry with the huge files I have to store. I know that higher quality means more space on your hard drive but come on! One vacation shouldn't really take up half of your hard drive! I like working with smaller files because most of the photos I take are pretty casual and, to be honest, I've won contests with 12 MPix crop sensor files without a problem. Smaller files are easier to share and sync. Even if you are shooting with a full frame sensor camera make sure you have the settings down to picture quality more suitable for casual photos so you won't encumber your memory card and hard drive.
The thing about using a full frame lens on an APS-C (crop) body is having to deal with less aberrations. The sensor is physically smaller covering the central area of the lens which means that the high aberration outer edges of the lens will be left out giving you a less curvy image with wider lenses.

I really like the way more compact dSLR/SLT cameras fit in my hand. The weight and size are perfect for me. I know that the bokeh is not the same and I might get a bit more grainy images in low light conditions but it's not the camera that makes the photographer.

My words of advice.

Get a decent crop sensor camera if you already don't own one for practicing, casual photography and learning all the controls. In time, maybe you'll find out you don't really need a big expensive full frame camera. I'd bet more on buying good lenses because in front of every great photo there's a good lens (more about lenses click here). Remember, owning a big camera is more demanding and if you've never owned one you will find yourself asking questions and taking time to learn lots of new stuff, let alone carrying it around and looking after your equipment.

Think before you spend!

All the best,

Kamen Kunchev